A psychometric evaluation of the chinese version of the. Psychological care should be provided routinely for every surgical patient not only those with cancer, for which psychological care forms part of the overall care package. Factor structure, item analyses and internal consistency in a large population. Distress, anxiety, and depression screening and assessment of. This questionnaire is designed to help your doctor know how you feel. A valid and reliable selfrating scale that measures anxiety and depression in both hospital and community settings. Hospital anxiety and depression scale scoring sheet. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a questionnaire developed to screen. Pdf the hospital anxiety and depression scale researchgate. Full text the hospital anxiety and depression scale, in patients with.
The hospital anxiety and depression had scale developed by zigmond and snaith 6 for the screening of psychological problems is short and simple, and has been found to be valid in the general practice setting 7. Scores of 07 in respective subscales are considered normal, with 810 borderline and 11 or over indicating clinical caseness. They should give an immediate response and be dissuaded from thinking too long about their answers. Factor analyses of the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Dahlb, tone tangen haugc, dag neckelmannd adepartment of public health and primary health care, section for preventive medicine, haukeland hospital. The hospital anxiety and depression scale, or hads, was designed to provide a simple yet reliable tool for use in medical practice. Seven of the items relate to anxiety and seven relate to depression. It is used extensively in france, but has never been the subject of a full study in a population at work. Pdf the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads. The aims of this study were to examine the usefulness of the hospital anxiety and. General practitioners gps diagnostic skills lead to underidentification of generalized anxiety disorders gad and major depressive episodes mde.
Originally developed by zigmond and snaith 1983 and is commonly used to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a patient is experiencing. Outcome measure hospital anxiety and depression scale hads sensitivity to change yes population adult domain psychological status anxiety and depression type of measure selfreport scale icfcodes b152 emotional functions description the hads is a 14item selfreport measure, with seven items forming a depression subscale and another seven measuring anxiety. Factor analyses of the hospital anxiety and depression. Hospital anxiety and depression scale the hads is a selfadministered scale consisting of 14 items split across anxiety and depression subscales, each with a fourpoint ordinal response format. Mild or neurotic psychiatric disorder cannot be considered to be either present or absent since the. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is commonly used by doctors to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a patient is experiencing. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a valid and reliable selfrating scale that measures anxiety and depression in both hospital and community settings. I wake early and then sleep badly for the rest of the night. Hads is a selfreport questionnaire consisting of 16 items, the first 14 of which are scored. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads please check you. Pdf hospital anxiety and depression scale hads aastha. To evaluate further the psychometric properties of the chinese version of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads as a screening instrument for anxiety and depression in chinese patients with coronary heart disease chd in xian, china.
Validation of the hospital anxiety and depression scale for use with adolescents. Assesses anxiety and depression in a nonpsychiatric population. The hospital anxiety and depression scale health and quality of. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was originally developed by zigmond and. The hads tool was readministered to the participant after the day 4 visit. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was devised 30 years ago. To evaluate the accuracy of the depression subscale of hospital anxiety and depression scale hadsd in spine surgery, comparing it to beck depression inventory bdi. The 15th and 16th items represent the total anxiety and depression score of the questionnaire. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a questionnaire widely used for detecting anxiety and depressive disorders. Hads hospital anxiety and depression scale pdf the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a questionnaire widely this tool has been translated and validated in many countries and its capacity. The short version of the depression anxiety stress scale21 dass21 was developed to provide a selfreport measure of anxiety, depression and stress signals. The depressive and anxiety subscales are used to measure the severity of each disorder, with each containing seven questions.
This may not be the complete list of references from this article. For the twofactor model proposed by zigmond and snaith 1, satisfactory levels of cronbachs alphas were found for anxiety and depression factors in the community a. If your clinician knows about these feelings he or she will be able to help you more. In a crosssectional study, the hadsd and the bdi were applied to patients undergoing spine surgery for lumbar n9 or cervical spondylosis n17. The questions relating to anxiety are marked a, and to depression d. Hospital anxiety and depression scale occupational medicine. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a widely used instrument to measure psychological morbidity in cancer patients.
A validation study of the hospital anxiety and depression. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a selfrating scale that measures anxiety and depression in both hospital and community settings. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 314k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page. Depression anxiety and stress scale dass the dass is a 42item questionnaire which includes three selfreport scales designed to measure the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress.
The hospital anxiety and depression scale health and. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was devised 30 years ago by zigmond and snaith to measure anxiety and depression in a general medical population of patients. To reduce the risk of a false positive bias, the scale does not assess symptoms of anxiety and depression related to. The objectives of this study were to present some psychometric properties of the hads on a large sample of french employees. Responses are based on the relative frequency of symptoms over the past week. It seems to be a useful tool for the scrutiny of mood disorders in. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads springerlink. Depression and anxiety were measured by the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads, 38 a 14item questionnaire that assesses depressive. It was divided into an anxiety subscale hadsa and a depression subscale hadsd both containing seven intermingled items. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads hospital anxiety and depression scale hads detects states of anxiety and depression in an adult population. There is a need to assess the contribution of mood disorder, especially anxiety and depression, in order to understand the experience of suffering in the setting of medical practice. Each of the three scales contains 14 items, divided into subscales of 25 items with similar content. The validity of the hospital anxiety and depression scale.
Depression anxiety stress scale rehabmeasures database. This study aimed to translate and test the reliability and. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads spinal cord. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads has been used widely with cardiovascular. Most physicians are aware of this aspect of the illness of their patients but many feel incompetent to provide the patient with reliable information. Distress, anxiety, and depression screening and assessment. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is widely used as a tool for assessing psychological distress in patients and non. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads patients are asked to choose one response from the four given for each interview. Read each item and place a firm tick in the box opposite the reply which. Dec 16, 2014 the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a questionnaire widely used for detecting anxiety and depressive disorders. James university hospital, leeds, yorkshire, england abstract a selfassessment scale has been developed and found to be a reliable instrument for detecting states of depression and anxi. Depression and anxiety were measured by the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads, 38 a 14item questionnaire that assesses depressive 7items and anxiety symptoms 7items on a 4point.
Hads gives clinically meaningful results as a psychological screening tool and can assess the symptom severity and caseness of anxiety disorders and depression in patients with. Pdf there is a need to assess the contribution of mood disorder, especially anxiety and. The hospital anxiety and depression scale wiley online library. Dahlb, tone tangen haugc, dag neckelmannd adepartment of public health and primary health care, section for preventive medicine, haukeland hospital, armauer hansen building, university of bergen, n5021 bergen, norway. The hads is a 14item, 4point selfreport likert scale assessing anxiety and depression symptoms. Clinicians are aware that emotions play an important part in most illnesses. However uk normative data from hads remains limited. Many translated example sentences containing hospital anxiety and depression scale spanishenglish dictionary and search engine for spanish translations. You are advised to consult the publishers version publishers pdf if.
Hads can detect the presence and severity of mild degrees of mood disorder, anxiety and depression using one brief questionnaire. Normative data for the hospital anxiety and depression scale. A large literature is citable in support of its validity, but difficulties are increasingly being identified, such as inexplicably discrepant optimal cutpoints and inconsistent factorstructures. Links to pubmed are also available for selected references. It has become a popular tool, for clinical practice and research. The depression items tend to focus on the anhedonic symptoms of. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads a reliable selfrating scale that measures anxiety and depression. If your doctor knows about these feelings he or she will be able to help you more. Problems in crosscultural use of the hospital anxiety and. Full text full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. The result of the study undertaken for this purpose was published under the title of the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Hads gives clinically meaningful results as a psychological screening tool and can. The dass assesses negative emotional symptoms by using a 4point likert scale, ranging from 0 to 3.
Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads doctors are aware that emotions play an important part in most illnesses. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads tick the box beside the reply that is closest to how you have been feeling in the past week. This article examines whether these problems could be due to the. The hospital anxiety and depression scale 363 table 1 numbers of patients in each category according to subscale scores depression scale non doubtful scores cases cases cases 07 57 11 1 810 8 7 3 1121 1 4 8 and the rating scale of any respondent who replied positively to either of these questions was discarded. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is dead, but like elvis. Supplement of brief questionnaires could improve the diagnostic accuracy of gps for these common mental disorders.
The use of tools such as the hospital anxiety and depression scale allow staff to identify and monitor anxiety and depression in patients in a busy preoperative setting. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was developed by zigmond and snaith in 1983 to identify caseness possible and probable of anxiety disorders and depression among patients in nonpsychiatric hospital clinics. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads acer. Hospital anxiety and depression scale manual 2019 natural. I get very frightened or have panic feelings for apparently no reason at all. The aims of this study were to examine the usefulness of the hospital anxiety and depression rating scale hads for gps by. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is widely used in both research and clinical contexts. Short version of the depression anxiety stress scale21. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was developed by zigmond and snaith in 1983.
The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a bidirectional selfassessment scale used to screen for clinical depression and anxiety in hospital outpatient medical clinics. The hospital anxiety and depression scale, or hads, was. Hospital anxiety and depression scale scoring sheet yes definitely yes sometimes no, not much no, not at all 1. Hospital anxiety and depression scale occupational. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is an instrument designed to detect the presence and severity of mild degrees of mood disorder, anxiety and depression. Objective the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is widely used to screen for anxiety and depression. The hospital anxiety and depression scale springerlink. This article has been cited by other articles in pmc.
Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads hospital anxiety and depression scale hads depression only study identification tool comparator caseness population results consultation hahn et al. Factor analysis of the hospital anxiety and depression scale from a. Review the validity of the hospital anxiety and depression. The depression items tend to focus on the anhedonic symptoms of depression. Hospital anxiety and depression scale scoring sheet grading.
This is a selfassessment scale originally designed to detect the common mental disorders of depression and anxiety in adults aged 1665 attending medical nonpsychiatric outpatient clinics. Feb 01, 1986 the hospital anxiety and depression scale. During the development process, it was established that the main symptoms of depression are low selfesteem, hopelessness, devaluation of life, selfdeprecation and inertia. Anxiety depression summary the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads assesses anxiety and depression in a nonpsychiatric population through selfreporting. Depression subscale of the hospital anxiety and depression.
Construction of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads the study was conducted in the setting of a general medical hospital outpatient clinic. It is presented as an easy to use questionnai re which allows to establish the presence and. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads can be used as a diagnostic aid with adolescents, with modifications to the cutoffs reflecting lower rates of depression among adolescents than among adults and higher rates of anxiety. It has 3 subscales depression, anxiety, and stress with 14 items in each subscale for the dass 42. This is a sample version of the hospital anxiety and. The had scale consists of a total of 14 questions with seven each on symptoms of anxiety and depression. Full details of the method of construction of the hads is given. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads rug. Its purpose is to provide clinicians with an acceptable, reliable, valid and easy to use practical tool for identifying and quantifying depression and anxiety. Using the hospital anxiety and depression scale in.
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